Showing posts with label sariyer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sariyer. Show all posts

Saturday, August 24, 2019

TİRYAKİ KEBAB RESTAURANT

Yeniköy, Sarıyer - İstanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°07'05.0"N 29°03'57.7"E / 41.118043, 29.066035



PHOTOGRAPHS ALBUM

One of the finest dining experiences to be had in Istanbul is that offered by Tiryaki. We began to serve the residents of Yeniköy. Our dedicated chefs cater for every palate, choosing only the best produce and combining them to produce outstanding food.

In our four-storey dining area and large garden, we can serve over 200 people with quality products and attentive service.

Start your meal with the seasonal mezze plates that are brought directly to your table. Amongst our customers’ favourites are our piquant, raw meatballs and warmed humus. Follow this by some of our delicious hot starters, such as the cheese-stuffed grilled mushrooms.

Then prepare for the luxury of our kebabs: whether you choose thyme-covered cutlets; meatballs with soy sauce and butter; or a tasty Tiryaki pide. Then sit by the charcoal grill and watch as your kunefe bakes to delicious gooeyness.

Our Specials

Tiryaki Pita : This unique dish uses off the bone steak and cheese, baked to perfection inside a soft encasing of dough. The Gaziantep regional taste is further extended through the sprinkling of nigella, sesame and pistachio. The favourite derived from this dish come only be described as addictive.

Tiryaki Meatballs : These meatballs are prepared from finest quality lamb and combined with herbs. The wrapping of pastry dough traps the flavours as the meatball is cooked slowly on the grill; the succulent meat flavour enhanced by a secret sauce.

Tiryaki Kebab Spicy / Mild : The lamb used for this dish is specially selected from lambs from the Balikesir region. It can be prepared either mild or spicy, and gets its flavour from a delicate balance of oil and pepper. Its smoky aromas come from the charcoal fire over which it is grilled.

Butter Olive Paste : This is a regional dish from the South Marmara coast that uses Gaziantep-style butter from Bursa. Its saltiness is derived from the use of olive paste and its richness from goat’s cheese. It is served with balloon-style flat bread and provides a delicious opening to your meal

Lamb Cutlet with Thyme : Juicy cutlets are taken from the lambs of the Balikesir region in Anatolia. They are marinated with our special spices and are served with thyme.

Lamb Shish : Delicious cubes of lamb meat are marinated in milk to make them melt in your mouth. Spices give them an extra level of flavour, and they are then roasted over the charcoal grill.

Beyti Yogurt : Beyti is a lavish dish which brings to mind the food of the Sultans. Minced lamb is mixed with spices, parsley and garlic. It is skewered and roasted over charcoal, and then combined with fresh lavash bread. Tomato sauce adds richness, while yogurt cleanses the palate

Pistachio Kebab : This dish is deeply reminiscent of the cuisine of the south east, where the pistachio is king. These nuts are ground and mixed with prime Balikesir lamb, and then grilled. Onions with a sprinkling of sumac add to the to the exotic flavour of the dish.

Creamy Kunefe : This speciality from Gaziantep is a fitting end to your meal. Fine durum wheat is cooked with white cheese and syrup over the charcoal until it becomes golden brown, ready to delight your tastebuds. It is served with soft cream and nuts

MENU

STARTERS
Goat Cheese
Mixed Pickles
Pita Balloon
Steak Tartar A La Turca

APPETIZERS
Aubergine Salad
Aubergine with Sauce
Barbecued Shallots
Beet
Ezme Salad
Haydari
Humus
Pilaki
Red Pepper
Vegetables Yoghurt

SALADS
Gavurdag Salad
Green Salad
Grilled Chicken Salad
Halloumi Salad With Beef
Season Salad
Shepherd's Salad
Tuna Fish Salad

HOT APPETIZERS
Bulgur Wheat Stuffed
Filo Wrapped Meatball
Mini Lahmacun
Mushroom Oven
Pita
Tiryaki Pita
Turkish Pizza

KEBABS
Chicken Shish
Chicken Wings
Lamb Chops
Lamb Ribs
Lamb Shish
Tiryaki Kebap Spicy / Mild

SPECIAL KEBABS
Beyti yogurt
Lamb Cutlet
Lamb Shish - Aubergine puree
Lamb Shish - Onion
Lamb with Yoghurt and Onion
Pistachio Kebab

DESSERTS
Fig Dessert
Homemade Baklava
Kunefe with Kaymak
Pumpkin Dessert
Quince Desserts

LOCATION SATELLITE MAP


WEB SITE : Tiryaki Kebab Restaurant

MORE INFO & CONTACT
E-Mail : info@tiryakikebap.com
Phone : +90 212 223 5344
Fax : +90 212 223 5304

These scripts and photographs are registered under © Copyright 2019, respected writers and photographers from the internet. All Rights Reserved.

Sunday, November 11, 2018

EMİRGAN HAMİD-İ EVVEL MOSQUE

Emirgan, Sarıyer - İstanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°06'16.4"N 29°03'22.5"E / 41.104560, 29.056260



PHOTOGRAPHS ALBUM

Emirgan Mosque (Turkish: Emirgan Cami), officially Emirgan Hamid-i Evvel Mosque (Ottoman Turkish: Emirgan Hamid-i Evvel Cami‎) is an 18th-century Ottoman mosque located in the Emirgan neighborhood of the Sarıyer district in Istanbul.

The mosque was built in 1781 by Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid I (reigned 1774–1789) in memory of his early-died son Mehmed and the mother of his son Hümaşah Kadınefendi. The mosque is officially named after the sultan's name in Ottoman language. Originally, it was part of a complex consisting of a still-existing square fountain, and non-existent structures like a Turkish bath, a bakery and a mill. The complex was constructed on the place of a former coastal palace owned by Emirgüneoğlu Yusuf Pasha. The current mosque was rebuilt by Sultan Mahmud II (r. 1808–1839), the son of Sultan Abdul Hamid I.

The architectural style details and the decorations of the mosque comply with the architecture of Empire Period (1808–1876) of the Sultan Mahmud II era rather than with the Baroque Period (1757–1808) architecture of the Sultan Abdul Hamid I era. Apparently, no part of the mosque building is original except the inscription dating the first construction by Sultan Abdul Hamid I in 1871, which is kept on place as a sign of respect.

The square-plan mosque was built in a courtyard in ashlar masonry with a wooden roof. The big windows in two rows on each side bring natural lighting into the mosque. A cylindrical slim minaret with one balcony erected on a square base is situated south of the mosque. The Acanthus-type foliage ornaments and other decorations on the minaret, typical of 19th-century minarets, indicate that it underwent modifications.

A two-story sultan's pavilion is attached to the mosque's eastern wall with a separate entrance. A bay window, supported by six columns, served as relaxation room for the sultan. According to a two-line poetic inscription written in Thuluth on top of the shadirvan situated at the northern corner of the mosque's courtyard, it was endowed by Rebgigül Hanım, the head of female servants in the house of Mümtaz Kadın, a spouse of Wali and Khedive of Ottoman Egypt Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Pasha (r. 1805–1848).

LOCATION SATELLITE MAP



These scripts and photographs are registered under © Copyright 2018, respected writers and photographers from the internet. All Rights Reserved.

Saturday, March 24, 2018

SAİT HALİM PASHA MANSION

Yeniköy, Sarıyer - İstanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°07'15.0"N 29°04'12.0"E / 41.120833, 29.070000



PHOTOGRAPHS ALBUM

Still impressive among the best kept of the empire-style mansions, Sait Halim Pasha Mansion at Yeniköy, also known as the “Mansion of the Lions” stands as a memorial to late Ottoman taste. The first owners of the mansion are believed to be the Düzoğulları Family. The Aristarhis Family who acquired the mansion from the Düzoğulları demolished it to construct a completely new one around 1863. Abdülhalim Paşa bought the mansion, which was considered to be a wreck and not big enough to suit Egyptian aristocratic taste, from the Aristarhis Family and instructed architect Petraki Adamandidis of Çanakkale to rebuild it.

It was bought by Abdülhalim Pasha, father of Sait Halim Pasha, from a member of the Greek Patriarchate, Nikolasos Aristarhis Logothetes of Fener, a neighborhood in the Golden Horn. The mansion was rebuilt according to Egyptian Aristocratic tastes in 1880 by architect Petraki Adamandidis of Çanakkale. After Abdülhalim Pasha’s death in 1890, Sait Halim Pasha, having acquired the shares of his siblings, became the sole owner of the mansion in 1894.

After taking up residence at Yeniköy in the early 1890’s, Sait Halim Pasha made few significant changes in the main building but he added several annexes, modified and refurbished the interior to suit his predilections and Egyptian background. The layout of the interior, originally based on the plans of earlier mansions, was changed to reflect the nineteenth-century trends. The traditional sofa became a grand reception hall. The Selamlik (men’s quarters), the Harem (quarters shared by the ladies of the household) and the study were at the ground floor. Above, a second hall, of slightly more slender proportions, enjoyed direct access to where smaller side-rooms (the Gold, the Japanese, and the Venetian rooms) took place. The original alcoves of the sofa were walled in, creating rooms facing the sea.

Fixtures and furnishings are eclectic, a mélange of East and West where Louis XVI meets Egyptian aristocracy in an Ottoman setting. An Egyptian flavor is most evident in the reception and study rooms. A pure Ottoman contribution to the building appears in the spacious porch leading into men’s quarters, where multiple panels of Kütahya tiles, forming floral sprays of tulip blooms and leaves, decorate the lower wall.

Furnishings were equally eclectic, although particular styles tended to be confined to specific rooms. French influence dominated with Louis XVI suites and corner cabinets, but there were also Japanese prints and a heavy Renaissance-style chest and mantelpiece, influenced by Italian design. Bronze figures cast in Paris, by D. Puch and others, of winged maidens, female nudes, and a young musician reinforced the Ottoman appreciation of, or fashion for, French design. The mansion was mainly decorated by French Orientalist Felix-Auguste Clément, who also decorated Abdülhalim Pasha’s hunting mansion in Choubrah, near Cairo. The famous oil painting displayed in the Selamlik of the Yeniköy mansion “The Hunt Scene” was painted during the same time, reflecting Egyptian aristocracy and Ottoman’s deep interest in hunting (1865).

Sait Halim Pasha’s mansion reflected the architectural meeting of East and West, as well as witnessing the shift in Turkish-European relations and the last decades of Ottoman rule. The mansion itself was not only a witness of the Ottoman History but a very actor.  On 2 August 1914, Sait Halim Pasha, Enver Pasha and the foreign minister held secret negotiations with the German  envoy Baron Wangenheim in the Yeniköy mansion.

Subsequently, the German-Ottoman alliance treaty was signed in Sait Halim Pasha’s study room, thus leading the Ottoman Empire into World War I as an ally with the Germans.  The mansion witnessed historic events and played a key role not only in Ottoman and German history but in the change of world history.

Mansion of the Lions
Still impressive among the best kept of the empire-style mansions, Sait Halim Pasha Mansion at Yeniköy, also known as the “Mansion of the Lions” stands as a memorial to late Ottoman taste.

It was bought by Abdulhalim Pasha, father of Sait Halim Pasha, from a member of the Greek Patriarchate, Nikolasos Aristarhis Logothetes of Fener, a neighborhood in the Golden Horn. The mansion was rebuilt according to Egyptian Aristocratic tastes in 1880 by architect Petraki Adamandidis of Çanakkale. After Abdulhalim Pasha’s death in 1890, Sait Halim Pasha, having acquired the shares of his siblings, became the sole owner of the mansion in 1894.

After taking up residence at Yeniköy in the early 1890’s, Sait Halim Pasha made few significant changes in the main building but he added several annexes, modified and refurbished the interior to suit his predilections and Egyptian background. The layout of the interior, originally based on the plans of earlier mansions, was changed to reflect the nineteenth-century trends. The traditional sofa became a grand reception hall. The Selamlik (men’s quarters), the Harem (quarters shared by the ladies of the household) and the study were at the ground floor. Above, a second hall, of slightly more slender proportions, enjoyed direct access to where smaller side-rooms (the Gold, the Japanese, and the Venetian rooms) took place. The original alcoves of the sofa were walled in, creating rooms facing the sea.

Rooms lined up around the middle sofa constitute the main plan of the chalet, rising on the marble basement as two levels. South part and north parts of the chalet are separated for men and women only. The entrance to the both parts is through the glassed-in sections. In spite of the plain exterior of the chalet the interior walls and ceilings are decorated by Arabic influenced ornaments.

Fixtures and furnishings are eclectic, a mélange of East and West where Louis XVI meets Egyptian aristocracy in an Ottoman setting. An Egyptian flavor is most evident in the reception and study rooms. A pure Ottoman contribution to the building appears in the spacious porch leading into men’s quarters, where multiple panels of Kütahya tiles, forming floral sprays of tulip blooms and leaves, decorate the lower wall.

Furnishings were equally eclectic, although particular styles tended to be confined to specific rooms. French influence dominated with Louis XVI suites and corner cabinets, but there were also Japanese prints and a heavy Renaissance-style chest and mantelpiece, influenced by Italian design. Bronze figures cast in Paris, by D. Puch and others, of winged maidens, female nudes, and a young musician reinforced the Ottoman appreciation of, or fashion for, French design. The mansion was mainly decorated by French Orientalist Felix-Auguste Clément, who also decorated Abdülhalim Pasha’s hunting mansion in Choubrah, near Cairo. The famous oil painting displayed in the Selamlik of the Yeniköy mansion “The Hunt Scene” was painted during the same time, reflecting Egyptian aristocracy and Ottoman’s deep interest in hunting (1865).

The structural and decorative characteristics of the building are typical innovations of its time, with the building set back off the waterfront by a jetty and the façade and windows typically neo-classical (empire-style). The mansion's plan includes a central grand hall-sofa-with an alcove overlooking the seafront with a stairway on the opposite side.

There are two gates leading to the Selamlık (Men’s quarters) and Harem (Ladies' Quarters) from the quay. There are two lion statues in front of the Selamlık gate which is why the mansion is also referred to as the “Mansion of the Lions” by the public. According to Nubar Horanyan of Yeniköy, the female lion was a gift from Italy for Sait Halim Paşa's first promotion and the male lion a gift from Germany for his second promotion.

Towards the northern side of the Harem garden, there was a Bathing House used by the residents for swimming. The enclosed bridge built between the mansion and the estate on the slopes behind was demolished like all other annexes which were expropriated during the widening of the road in 1958. There was also a boathouse in the garden of the men's quarters which does not exist any longer.

One might describe the late period of Bosphorus mansions and pavilions as “empire-baroque” both in terms of their architecture and their decoration. It was a stylistic trend which took hold during the reign of Sultan Abdülmecit (1839-1861), weakening towards the reigns of Abdülaziz and Abdülhamit II, when an eclectic amalgam of western styles started to take over towards the end of the 19th century. The building recessed from the waterfront without bay-windows and the empire style of the façade and windows are all examples of the new style of that era.

The mansion is decorated in typical empire style, with traces of eclecticism alternating and sometimes combined. The Cubic style in the furniture and exaggerated curves in the decoration were rare between 1800 and 1830. Gilded wood disappeared, although mahogany with bronze plaque applique became popular. Walls were divided into panels with raised bands, with occasional pilasters.

Egg and dart and garland friezes decorated the cornice and the ceilings were framed with a band of decoration with a similar circular band in the center. This interior design is seen throughout the mansion, with the single exception of the ground floor reception room which carries the Egyptian-Arabian influence in decoration.

Unforgettable Meetings and Events

Magical Weddings
A historic mansion situated in one of the most exotic cities in the world, exclusively yours on your special day… Sait Halim Pasha Mansion is the perfect destination for your magical wedding.

Exquisite Meetings
With their tall ceilings, capturing views of the Bosphorus and historic atmosphere, our function rooms are ideal for all business gatherings from board meetings to conferences.

Unforgettable Events
A rare combination of a sensational view, historic architecture and professional service quality, Sait Halim Pasha Mansion hosts the most exquisite events in Istanbul.

The Harem
The stairway, which occupies part of both stories, is totally empire in style, the walls divided up into panels framed with stucco relief bands. The tips of the stucco relief on the panel frames are gilded. The same kind of stucco profile frames the ceiling and surrounds a central medallion, which together with the rest of the ceiling is decorated with motifs in the empire and eclectic styles. We may call this decorative approach “high empire under the influence of Louis XVI”. The columns betray typical empire motifs on the capital and base while the shaft is not fluted. The columns of the stairway and the frame of the mid-stairway mirror are original and well preserved.

The Hunting Hall (Dining Hall)
The second most important room in the mansion is the Hunting Hall, which was named after the decorations on the walls depicting scenes of hunting, a deep interest of Sait Halim Paşa. The room, being the most highly decorated part of the mansion, served as a dining hall The walls are paneled, with pilasters decorated in the empire-style flanking each panel. The ceiling is framed with a highly decorated empire style frieze with a similarly decorative central medallion, divided into twelve segments, each embellished with empire motifs. Decoration throughout the hall is gilded.

Selamlık Hall (Ceremonial Hall)
Another one of the most important halls of the mansion is the Ceremonial Hall. The room faces the entrance to the men's quarters behind the stairway. Although the columns and beams of the room are highly decorated, one can hardly call it the empire style, except for the fine beam profiles of the ceiling and the wide band of panels separating the walls. Arabic inscriptions in the medallions on the friezes framing the ceiling, the general decoration of the ceiling and the doors give the room the air of an Egyptian salon.

Study - Reception - Antechamber
The study room was decorated in empire-eclectic mode, with a central ceiling rectangular panel of the same style with motifs in each corner. A decorated medallion may be seen within the panel. Narrow wooden strips frame the wall panels which are covered with embossed wall paper. The central of the three rooms facing the sea is the Paşa's reception room. The four double doors are lacquered wood inlaid intricately with mother of pearl and ivory. Both the decoration and the contents of the room suggest that an Egyptian theme was intended. The third room, the nearest one to the men's quarters was used as the guests antechamber.

The Grand Hall
The hall has a ceiling which is baroque in spirit. The walls are divided into panels framed with gilded stucco relief with inscriptions on them.

Japanese Hall
Though the room was initially decorated in the Spanish style, the name was later changed due to all the gifts presented by the Japanese Empire.

Golden Hall
The room was named as the Golden Hall because all original furnishings and decorations were made in gold.

Venetian Hall
All decorations and furnishings brought from Venice, the room was referred to as the Venetian Hall.

Hamam (Turkish Bath)
The stained glass at the entrance of the Hamam have been preserved until today. The frames which were burned during the fire were replaced and the glass was then placed according to its original style.

Basement Halls
Hunting Hall : Area 68 m2, U-Shape 25, Round Table 50, Block Table 30, Cocktail 50, Classroom 46, Theatre 60 m
Harem : Area 202 m2, Round Table 144, Cocktail 200
Study Hall : Area 33 m2, U-Shape 8, Round Table 20, Block Table 10, Cocktail 15, Classroom 8, Theatre 12
Reception Hall : Area 60 m2, U-Shape 20, Round Table 50, Block Table 25, Cocktail 50, Classroom 32, Theatre 50
Waiting Hall : Area 35 m2, U-Shape 9, Round Table 20, Block Table 12, Cocktail 15
Selamlık Hall : Area 165 m2, Round Table 120, Cocktail 150

First Floor Halls
Big Hall : Area 125 m2, U Shape 40, Round Table 120, Block Table 45, Cocktail 150, Classroom 90, Theatre 140
Japanese Hall : Area 33 m2, U Shape 5, Round Table 20, Block Table 10, Cocktail 15, Classroom 8, Theatre 12
Golden Hall : Area 60 m2, U Shape 20, Round Table 50, Block Table 25, Cocktail 50, Classroom 32, Theatre 50
Venetian Hall : Area 33 m2, U Shape 5, Round Table 20, Block Table 10, Cocktail 15, Classroom 8, Theatre 12

Outdoor
Front Garden : Area 1380 m2, Round Table 600, Cocktail 900
Back Garden : Area 770 m2, Round Table 200, Cocktail 300
Quay : Area 700 m2, Round 300, Cocktail 450

Services
A'La Carte Restaurant, Meetings & Corporate Events, Special Events, Weddings, Outside Catering.

LOCATION SATELLITE MAP



WEB SITE : Sait Halim Paşa Mansion

MORE INFO & CONTACT
E-Mail : info@saithalimpasa.com
Phone : +90 212 223 0566
Fax : +90 212 223 0667

These scripts and photographs are registered under © Copyright 2018, respected writers and photographers from the internet. All Rights Reserved.

Thursday, March 8, 2018

FUAT PASHA MANSION

Büyükdere, Sarıyer - İstanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°09'40.9"N 29°02'43.8"E / 41.161366, 29.045506



PHOTOGRAPHS ALBUM

Fuat Pasha Mansion was thought to be built in late 18th century by a pasha. Then, it passed in title and was used as house by Keçecizade Fuat Pasha, Sultan Abdülaziz’s grand vizier, for a long time. After Keçecizade Fuat Pasha, yali was continued to be used as house for some more time. It was restored in republican era and started to be used as hotel and guesthouse in 1930s.

Keçecizade Fuat Pasha Yalısı one of the most beautiful waterfront houses in Bosphorus, has been serving since 1991 with the name of Fuat Pasha Hotel. After having been a quiet witness of Istanbul ’s history for two centuries, Keçecizade Fuat Pasha Yalısı is now combining Ottoman architecture and modern hotel management, to put this combination into service of tourism.

Keçecizade Fuat Pasha Yalısı (Seaside Residence) is right, on the bay of Büyükdere where the sea looks like a lake with its guite and calm waters, It is one of the few historical mansions, starting form the village of Büyükdere stopping few kilometers short of Sarıyer. It is Supposed to have been builth by another pasha towards the end of 18 th Centrury.

Later the structure changed hands and during the reing of Sultan Abdülaziz, his prime minister Keçecizade Fuat Pasha used the building as his private residence by making some changes and additions. After the Fuat Pasha era it changed hands among some other people and was used for their purposes. During the Republican era, towards the late 1930's years other additions and it was used as a hotel and boarding house to the present day.

FUAT PASHA YALISI HOTEL

ACCOMMODATION
56 room (5 Şehzade suit - 1 sultan suit) - 115 beds
Standard, Deluxe room with sea view no balcony, Deluxe room with sea view with balcony, Prince suite, Suite, Sultan suite, Triple Occupancy

RESTAURANTS
Pasha Restaurant, Café Busende

BAR
Yalı Bar

MEETING AND SEMINARS
Pasha Hall, Bosphorus 1, Bosphorus 2

HOTEL FACILITIES
In House Dining, In House Bar, Air Conditioning, Mini Bar In Room, Room Service, Hair Dryer, TV In Room, Airport transportation (surcharge), Area shuttle (surcharge), Bar/lounge, Complimentary breakfast, Dry cleaning/laundry service, Free guest parking only during stay, Parking (free), Parking nearby, Parking nearby (surcharge), Room service (24 hours), Swimming pool - outdoor, Swimming pool - outdoor seasonal, Valet parking, Valet parking (free), 24-hour front desk, Air-Conditioned public areas, Babysitting or child care, Concierge services, Express check-in, Luggage storage, Porter/bellhop, Banquet facilities, Coffee in lobby, Coffee shop or café, Currency exchange, Elevator/lift, Garden, One meeting/conference room, Safe-deposit box at front desk, Shopping center shuttle (surcharge), Suitable for children, Audio-visual equipment, Designated smoking areas, Event catering, Express check-out, Floor butler, Laundry facilities, Wedding services, Fireplace in lobby, Multilingual staff

LOCATION SATELLITE MAP



WEB SITE : Fuat Paşa Yalısı Hotel

MORE INFO & CONTACT
Phone : +90 212 242 9860
Fax : +90 212 242 9589

These scripts and photographs are registered under © Copyright 2018, respected writers and photographers from the internet. All Rights Reserved.

Monday, July 31, 2017

URAL ATAMAN CLASSIC CAR MUSEUM

Tarabya, Sarıyer - İstanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°07'34.2"N 29°03'09.5"E / 41.126165, 29.052629

Ural Ataman Classic Car Museum photo uralataman_museum109.jpg

PHOTOGRAPHS ALBUM

After enjoying a weekend breakfast, you may want an indoor space where you can have some fun. For classic car buffs, the Ural Ataman Classic Car Museum in the coastal neighborhood of Tarabya in Istanbul is a good choice.

The museum, which features a 2,000-square-meter exhibition area features more than 60 vehicles including motorcycles and trucks dating back mostly to the 1950s and 1960s. Opened in 2012, the museum has a lively atmosphere full of nostalgia. Aside from classic cars, visitors can see hundreds of various industrial and automotive paraphernalia, such as fuel pumps, jukeboxes and wheel covers.

Situated within a glass building, the museum is lit by neon panels that set the mood of the era. The cars on display are divided into different sections. In the first section, American cars are on display accompanied by a restaurant designed to be reminiscent of the 1950s. The upper floor houses European Cars, while other spaces in the museum host a library on automobiles, a piano and a miniature race track as well as other collectables.

Ural Ataman, the museum's founder, was influenced by the beauty of classic cars in his childhood. He used to travel in his father's 1946 Ford, which also had a big place in his childhood days. The museum is only open on Saturdays.

LOCATION SATELLITE MAP



WEB SITE : Ural Ataman Classic Car Museum

MORE INFO & CONTACT
E-Mail : info@atamanmuseum.com
Phone : +90 212 299 4539
Fax : +90 212 299 4548

These scripts and photographs are registered under © Copyright 2017, respected writers and photographers from the internet. All Rights Reserved.

Saturday, April 8, 2017

BEYAZ PAVILION

Emirgan Grove, Sarıyer - Istanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°06'33.8"N 29°03'10.5"E / 41.109374, 29.052905

Beyaz Pavilion / Emirgan, Sariyer - Istanbul photo beyazkosk_emirgan119.jpg

PHOTOGRAPHS ALBUM

The White Pavilion (Turkish: Beyaz Köşk) is the third mansion within the Emirgan Park built by Khedive Ismail Pasha. It is only 150 m (490 ft) far from the Yellow Pavilion. The two-storey wooden building bears the architectural characteristics of the neo-classical style. The White Pavilion is one of the three pavilions that Khedive İsmail Paşa commissioned at the Emirgan Woods between 1871 and 1878.

The Emirgan Park is closely associated with the tulip, the traditional flower, which gave its name to an era (1718-1730) of the Ottoman Empire. A special garden was established in Emirgan Park in the 1960s to revive the city's tradition of tulip cultivation. Since 2005, an annual international tulip festival is organized here every April making the park attractive and very colorful with these flowers.

The historic pavilion has a top floor with three rooms and a parlor and a bottom floor with 4 rooms, a kitchen and an entrance hall. The fine floral ornaments on the ceilings of the White Pavilion, the oil paintings and the ornaments on the façade are some of the most typical specimens of Turkish wood carving. The high ceilings feature rich hand drawings. Pomegranate blossoms, roses, carnations, jasmines and tulips decorate the walls and the ceilings are gilded.

For many years, the White Pavilion served as a hunting lodge, a picnic site, a resort and a guest house. The Touring and Automobile Club of Turkey ran the historic pavilion as a restaurant and cafe for a while. The Municipal Government of Istanbul renovated the pavilion in 1996 -1997.

The White Kiosk continues to host the people of Istanbul as well as domestic and foreign tourists as a restaurant and café run by Beltur A.Ş., a subsidiary of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The cafeteria is used as a cafeteria during the daytime, and as a restaurant in the evenings as it serves the Turkish Ottoman cuisine.

LOCATION SATELLITE MAP



WEB SITE : Beltur / White Pavilion

MORE INFO & CONTACT
E-Mail : info@beltur.com.tr
Phone : +90 212 413 9253 / +90 216 444 6644
Fax : +90 212 413 9474

These scripts and photographs are registered under © Copyright 2017, respected writers and photographers from the internet. All Rights Reserved.

PEMBE PAVILION

Emirgan Grove, Sarıyer - Istanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°06'34.8"N 29°03'24.9"E / 41.109659, 29.056904

Pembe Pavilion / Emirgan, Sariyer - Istanbul photo pembekosk_emirgan114.jpg

PHOTOGRAPHS ALBUM

The Pink Pavilion (Turkish: Pembe Köşk), one of the three mansions in the park built by Khedive Ismail Pasha, is a two-storey, typical Ottoman house. Named after its exterior's original color of cranesbill flower pink, the pavilion reflects the glory of its history with fine ornaments.

The Pembe Köşk is a typical two-story Ottoman house with wooden coated walls, painted in sardine pink color. It suites its name and will embrace you as soon as you go in. It has three entrances: protocol, front and personnel entrance. At the main entrance there is a spacious hall and two rooms opening into this hall, and there is another secret room entered through protocol entrance.

The first floor also houses a bathroom and a kitchen. A large stairwell from the hall goes up to the second floor, where there is again a big hall, two big rooms and also another five big rooms past the aisles and two small case rooms. It was repaired and restored by Turing in 1982 and transferred to the Municipality of Metropolitan Istanbul in 1995.

The pavilion offers a la carte service during weekdays and with breakfast in the morning and an open buffet in the afternoons during the weekends. Furthermore, it available for conventions and wedding ceremonies. In the summer months, the premise can accommodate up to 350 guests, for cocktails up to 500 people. In the winter time, groups of up to 150 guests can be served.

LOCATION SATELLITE MAP



WEB SITE : Beltur / Pink Pavilion

MORE INFO & CONTACT
E-Mail : info@beltur.com.tr
Phone : +90 212 413 9253 / +90 216 444 6644
Fax : +90 212 413 9474

These scripts and photographs are registered under © Copyright 2017, respected writers and photographers from the internet. All Rights Reserved.

Wednesday, April 5, 2017

SARI PAVILION

Emirgan Grove, Sarıyer - Istanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°06'28.7"N 29°03'12.9"E / 41.107971, 29.053590

Sari Pavilion / Emirgan, Sariyer - Istanbul photo sarikosk_emirgan124.jpg

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The Yellow Pavilion (Turkish: Sarı Köşk) is a large wooden mansion in the form of a chalet built by Khedive Ismail Pasha between 1871-1878 as a hunting lodge and guest house. Situated in the center of the park and overlooking the Bosporus, the two-storey mansion with one balcony, one terrace and a basement is constructed on an area of 400 m2 (4,300 sq ft). It consists of four rooms, one hall and a kitchen in the lower floor and three rooms and one salon in the upper floor.

The Yellow Pavilion is built as a chalet and resembles a bird house. Its layout reflects the architecture of the traditional Ottoman house with a salon encircled by many living rooms. The Yellow pavilion is a large wooden mansion that is in the form of a chalet. It was used as a hunting lodge and guest house.

The ornaments at the ceilings and the walls were the work of the court architect Sarkis Balyan. The ceilings are enriched with oil painted flower figures and the facades with outstanding carvings. The high doors and windows, as well as the opulent interior decorations in bright colors reflect the glory of that era. A pond is situated to the northeast, next to the mansion. Ornaments based on flower patterns cover the ceiling while hand made ornaments outside give the building the outlook of a Turkish birdhouse.

The layout in which the sofa is central to the living place as a requirement of traditional living style has remained unchanged for years. The ceiling and wall ornaments in the buildings of Sarkis Balyan as well as big and high doors and windows, and brilliant and colorful carvings inside the pavilion all play an important role.

Sarı Pavilion consists of three rooms and one hall on the upper floor and four rooms, hall and kitchen at the basement. The pavilion was decorated to recall a birdhouse using the yellow color with white motifs. Wood work from the 17th and 19th centuries in Ottoman Empire has rendered a warmer atmosphere to the buildings. Walnut, apple, plane, lime, ebony, rose and oak tree materials were used.

Today, the park is owned b the Metropolitan Municipality of Istanbul and it covers an area of 117 acres on a hillside. The park is also enclosed by high walls. The park is a nature park although it has a manmade pond with a fountain, but that is just to enhance its beauty.

It also has two decorative ponds in total, and there are more than 120 species of plants that adorn the area. These have even been recorded, and some of the most recognised plants are the Blue Pine, Lebanon Cedar, Atlas Cedar, Norway Spruce, Eastern White Pine, Ash tree, and Maidenhair tree.

Used only by the owners from the very beginning, the pavilion was restored within four months in the beginning of the 1980s with due diligence, furnished with antiques and opened to the public as a cafeteria. The Yellow Pavilion, the main base of the park, is run since 1997 by Beltur, the tourism company of the Metropolitan Municipality of Istanbul.

Up to 100 guests can be served at the premise in summer and winter time. The pavilion offers a la carte service during weekdays and with breakfast in the morning and an open buffet with 55 kinds of food in the afternoons during the weekends.

LOCATION SATELLITE MAP



WEB SITE : Beltur / Yellow Pavilion

MORE INFO & CONTACT
E-Mail : info@beltur.com.tr
Phone : +90 212 413 9253 / +90 216 444 6644
Fax : +90 212 413 9474

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Thursday, March 23, 2017

MASLAK PAVILION

Maslak, Sarıyer - Istanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°07'10.1"N 29°01'33.7"E / 41.119472, 29.026028

Malta Pavilion / Yildiz, Besiktas - Istanbul photo malta_pavilion173.jpg

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Facilities
Cafe (Located in the garden of the Palace), Toilettes (Located at the garden of the Palaces), Parking (Located at the entrance of the Palace)

The Maslak Pavilion is located on Büyükdere Street, at the intersection of Istinye and Tarabya. The hilltop site of these royal lodges overlooking the Bosphorus is between the districts of Levent and Ayazağa on the European shore. The Maslak Pavilion was used for hunting and as a resting place by Sultan Abdülhamid II who learned how to become the new Sultan of the Ottoman Empire in this pavilion.

HISTORY
Sultan Mahmud II (1808-1839) first had a pavilion constructed here, and Sultan Abdülhamid II (1876-1909) lived in the later pavilion as a young man. Exactly when the royal lodges were constructed and by whom is unknown, but most can be roughly dated to the reign of Sultan Abdülaziz (1861-1876).

ARCHITECTURE AND INTERIOR DESING

Set in a wooded park with an area of 170,000 square meters, the Maslak Royal Lodges consist of the main Kasr-ı Hümayün (imperial kiosk), the Mabeyn-i Hümayün (imperial court) with its adjoining Conservatory, the Çadır Köşk and Paşalar Dairesi. Commanding a magnificent view over the Bosphorus strait and set amongst green woodland, the kasırs are outstanding examples of late 19th century Ottoman architecture.

Compared to other pavilions of the Ottomans, it has a simple structure in that only the sultan's signature has been is used to decorate the different sections of the pavilion. Sultan Abdülhamid II had his study and bedroom in the Kasr-ı Hümayün, and it was here that he was informed of his accession to the Ottoman throne.

Kasr-i Hümayun
The Kasr-i Hümayun (imperial kiosk) contains the bedroom and working room of Sultan Abdülhamit II. It is a two story structure that has a basement and and attic with a view of the sea. On both sides of the entry, there are columns on which the balcony is placed. The ceilings of all the rooms and the walls of the hall are decorated with engraved pictures.

Mabeyn-i Hümayun
The Mabeyn-i Hümayun (imperial court) was the private flat of the sultan, and consists of a single storey made of stone. There are invaluable plants, camellias, ferns, and banana trees in the lemon mansion. There is also a beautiful greenhouse located in the middle of the lemon mansion.

Çadır Kiosk
The Çadır Kiosk is a fancy two story structure in the shape of an octagon. It has wide valances on the roof, a balcony ringing the kiosk, and is built out of wood.

Paşalar Dairesi
Paşalar Dairesi (General's room): It is a beautiful structure made of stone with a single storey and has a Turkish bath in the building.

MUSEUM

Today, Kasr-ı Hümayun has been restored in the light of the documents, memoirs and old photographs and opened to the visits as a museum-palace in 1986. Mabeyn-i Hümayun and its annexes Limonluk and Çadır Kiosk and its garden have similarly been handled and restored and transformed into cafeterias where visitors may take a rest.

The camellias in the Limonluk, which especially bloom during the winter months, are the oldest examples of their kinds in the city. The gardens of the Maslak Pavilions can be allocated to national or international receptions.

Maslak Royal Lodges Cafe give the chance to rest within historic environments with cold-hot drinks, snack food and breakfast services in Maslak Pavilion.

LOCATION SATELLITE MAP



WEB SITE : Department of National Palaces / Maslak Pavillion

MORE INFO & CONTACT
E-Mail : millisaraylar@tbmm.gov.tr
Phone : +90 212 236 9000
Fax : +90 212 259 3292

These scripts and photographs are registered under © Copyright 2017, respected writers and photographers from the internet. All Rights Reserved.

Monday, February 20, 2017

İSTİNYE SOCIAL FACILITY

İstinye, Sarıyer - İstanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°06'53.0"N 29°03'17.9"E / 41.114709, 29.054987

Istinye Social Facility / Sariyer - Istanbul photo ibb_istinye103.jpg

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The Istinye Social Facility welcomes its guests with a view of the Bosphorus in Istinye, one of the most beautiful districts of Istanbul.

Accommodating 420 people with its outdoor space of 150 m2 and restaurant area of 830 m2, the Istinye Social Facility hosts its guests at any time of the day during the week and the weekend.

LOCATION SATELLITE MAP



WEB SITE : İstinye Social Facility

MORE INFO & CONTACT
Phone : +90 444 1 034

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Monday, January 23, 2017

RUMELİHİSARI MUSEUM

Rumelihisarı, Sarıyer - Istanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°05'05.6"N 29°03'24.3"E / 41.084886, 29.056750

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Rumelihisarı is a fortress located in the Sarıyer district of Istanbul, on a hill at the European side of the Bosphorus. It gives the name of the quarter around it. It was built by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II between 1451 and 1452, before he conquered Constantinople. The three great towers were named after three of Mehmed II's viziers, Sadrazam Çandarlı Halil Pasha, who built the big tower next to the gate, Zağanos Pasha, who built the south tower, and Sarıca Pasha, who built the north tower.

It consists of three large and one small towers, connected by a wall reinforced with 13 small watchtowers. With cannons mounted on its main towers, the fort gave the Ottomans complete control of the passage of ships through Bosporus, a role evoked clearly in its original name, Boğazkesen "cutter of the strait". After the conquest of Constantinople, it served as a customs checkpoint and a prison, notably for the embassies of states that were at war with the Empire. After suffering extensive damage in the 1509 earthquake, it was repaired, and was used continuously until the late 19th century.

It was built by Sultan Mehmed II in four months beginning in the spring of 1452 across the waters from the Anatolian Fortress (Anadoluhisari or Güzelce Hisar) built by his grandfather Sultan Bayezid I (1389-1402). The aim was to establish control of the waterway at this narrowest point of the strait (660 m) where ships would need to approach the shore to avoid the strong currents. A batallion of four hundred soldiers were stationed at the fortress (hisar) beginning in 1452, and prevented the passage of ships with canon fire during the siege of Constantinople. It is hence, also known as the Boğazkesen or the Controller of the Straits.

Rumelihisarı is situated at the narrowest point with 660 m of the Bosporus strait, just opposite of the Anadoluhisarı on the Anatolian side, another Ottoman fortress which was built between 1393 and 1394 by Sultan Bayezid I. The place was chosen to prevent aid from the Black Sea reaching Constantinople during the Turkish siege of the city in 1453, particularly from the Genoese colonies such as Caffa, Sinop and Amasra.

Sultan Murad II (1404-1451), who wanted to ferry his army across the Bosporus, encountered difficulties due to the blockade of the Byzantine fleet. The necessity of a fortress opposite of Anadoluhisarı was well known to the Ottomans. At this place, there was a Roman fortification in the past, which was used as a prison by the Byzantine and Genoese. Later on, a monastery was built here.

In preparation for the conquest of Constantinople, Sultan Mehmed II (1432-1481), son of Sultan Murad II, started to realize the construction of the fortress immediately following his second ascent to the throne in 1451. He refused the plea for peace of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine XI (1404-1453), who understood the intention of the Sultan.

The construction began on April 15, 1452. Each one of the three main towers were named after the Pashas who supervised their construction, which were later named after them. The sultan personally inspected the activities on the site. With the help of thousands of masons and workers, the fortress was completed in a record time of 4 months and 16 days on August 31, 1452.

Historical documents show that the site was vacant except for the remains of two cisterns and that Byzantine ruins in the vicinity were used to supply stone for the construction. The fortress lost its strategic importance after the fall of Constantinople in 1453 when a second pair of fortresses was built further up the Bosphorus where the strait meets the Black Sea. The Rumeli Fortress became a storage facility and a prison for local and foreign diplomats.

It was repaired immediately after the 1509 earthquake and survived a 17th century fire. It was last repaired by the Ottomans during the rule of Selim III (1789-1807). A large fishing village, inhabited largely by Ottoman Turks who were settled there during the construction of the fortress, developed along the waterfront with seaside mansions built beginning in late 18th century. A new neighborhood (Hisariçi) was formed inside the fortress after it was abandoned in the 19th century. The oldest Ottoman cemetery on European soil is found adjoining the fortress to the south.

The fortress is a walled-in enclosure 250 meters long and 130 meters wide at its longest. It has one small and three large towers (kule) and thirteen small watchtowers (burç). Its total area is 31,250 m2. The towers are named after their vizier donors, who are also believed to have supervised the construction. The walls begin at the Halil Paşa Tower at the water's edge, travel diagonally up the hill to the Saruca Paşa Tower at the northwest peak, continue southward across a valley to the Zaganos Paşa Tower at the southwest peak and descend vertically down to the waters edge to the small Zaganos Paşa tower a hundred meters south of the Halil Paşa Tower.

There are three entrances, one next to each large tower; a shallower outer wall (hisarpeçe) protects the seaside entrance. The peripheries of the Halil Paşa, Saruca Paşa and the Zaganos Paşa towers are 23.3 meters, 23.8 meters and 26.70 meters respectively and their heights are 35, 33.3 and 25.30 meters excluding the conical roofs that once crowned the towers. The last two are round while the first is twelve-sided on the exterior. Inscriptive plaques in Arabic, referring to Zaganos Paşa were found at the southwest tower that is named after him and also at a smaller tower located at the southeast corner, at the water's edge.

The space within each tower was divided up with wooden floors, each equipped with a furnace (ocak); only the Saruca Paşa Tower retains its wooden floors. All towers, watchtowers and walls are topped with crenellations.

The fortress had wooden houses for the soldiers and a small mosque, endowed by Mehmed II at the time of construction. Only the minaret shaft remains of the original mosque, while the small mescid added in the mid 16th century has not survived. Water was supplied to the fortress from a large cistern underneath the mosque and distributed through three wall-fountains, of which only one has remained.

A battalion of 400 Janissaries were stationed in the fortress, and large cannons were placed in the Halil Pasha Tower, the main tower on the waterfront. After a short while, a Venetian ship coming from the Black Sea, which ignored the order to halt by the commander of the fortress, Firuz Ağa, was bombarded and sunk. The cannons were later used until the second half of the 19th century to greet the sultan when he passed by by sea.

After the fall of Constantinople, the fortress served as a customs checkpoint. Rumelihisarı, which was designated to control the passage of ships through the strait, eventually lost its strategic importance when a second pair of fortresses was built further up the Bosphorus, where the strait meets the Black Sea. In the 17th century, it was used as a prison. Rumelihisarı was partly destroyed by an earthquake in 1509, but was repaired soon after. In 1746, a fire destroyed all the wooden parts in two of the main towers. The fortress was repaired by Sultan Selim III (1761-1807).

However, a new neighborhood was formed inside the fortress after it was abandoned in the 19th century. In 1953, the neighborhood was removed by the order of President Celal Bayar and an extensive restoration work began on May 16, 1955, which lasted until May 29, 1958. Older photographs show a series of seaside mansions along the fortress walls, none of which have come to our day. Their place is taken today by a two-lane coastal highway that was built immediately outside the fortress walls in the 1960s.

Since 1960 Rumelihisarı has been a museum and an open-air theater for various concerts at festivals during the summer months. The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge which spans the Bosporus is located close to the fortress, to the north. A museum was opened by the Ministry of Culture in the Saruca Paşa Tower following the restoration. An open-air auditorium was also built in the courtyard during this time. While this addition is often considered an innovative example of adaptive reuse, it is also criticized for having damaged the historic appearance of the fortress.

LOCATION SATELLITE MAP



WEB SITE : Rumelihisarı Museum

MORE INFO & CONTACT
E-Mail : hisarlarmuzesi@kultur.gov.tr
Phone : +90 212 263 5305
Fax : +90 212 265 0410

These scripts and photographs are registered under © Copyright 2017, respected writers and photographers from the internet. All Rights Reserved.

Sunday, January 22, 2017

GARİPÇE GENOESE CASTLE

Garipçe, Sarıyer - İstanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°12'50.7"N 29°06'38.3"E / 41.214078, 29.110636

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Situated at the Black Sea entrance to the Bosphorus, Garipçe is one of Istanbul's quaintest villages. Boasting beautiful wooden Ottoman-era houses, a 500-year old Genoese castle and an old church, this small Sarıyer township lies just over 30 km from Taksim. Garipçe's name is derived from the Turkish word Garip, meaning "poor" or "miserable" due to the sense of isolation which used to be inherent in Istanbul's once near inaccessible furthest reaches.

Garipçe village comes from this isolated life the village had lived for a long time. However, today it is very easy to reach the village by your car or the bus that comes by every 35 minutes. These days, Garipçe can be easily reached by bus or car from Istanbul city centre, and is a popular day trip for locals who come here to enjoy a village style breakfast or sea-fresh fish dinner from one of the famous seafood restaurants in the area.

The center of the village, resembling a traditional village circle, stands right on the shore. Here Fish Restaurants. The place, in which businessmen, authors, many researchers from academia have become regulars, is a family restaurant that does not serve alcohol. They offer daily fish choices that they catch in their own boats. In the summer there are usually pilchards, scorpion fish, horse mackerel and striped red mullet. In the winter there is red mullet, turbot, bluefish, bonito, large bonito and anchovy.

Garipçe Village, with its residents almost entirely from the Black Sea region, has managed to preserve its nature and ambiance. One reason for this situation is that the village is a protected area. The town centre is home to interesting examples of Ottoman village architecture and has a scattering of tea houses and restaurants. The surroundings are dominated by beautiful forested areas, making Garipçe a popular place for cycling or hiking.

Immediately on the left, stands the 500 years old Genoese castle. The castle still survives with its arched walls, stepped cuttings and cellars, although it looks uncared for and messy due to treasure seekers. The castle has a seascape panorama, and it is planned to be converted to an underwater museum in the future. One of Garipçe's most popular attractions is its castle, which, although not in the best state, nevertheless survives largely intact and enjoys amazing views over the sea.

One of the most important features of the village is the soft spring, which is said to be good for kidney stones. The spring is known as the Pilgrims’ Water or Hacı Süleyman Spring. The Seaside restaurant is just behind the spring.

Garipçe (strange or curious), or, anciently, Gyropolis, Town of Vultures. This too has a fortress built in 1773 by the Baron de Tott. Here King Phineus lived and here he was plagued by the Harpies who seized his food and befouled his table until he wasted away to a wraith; at last the Argonauts arrived and the winged sons of Boreas, Zetes and Kalais, taking pity on the ancient king, their brother-in-law, chased away the noxious creatures.

In return Phineus, who was a prophet, advised them about the rest of their journey and especially about how to avoid the baleful Symplegades. These, indeed, were clearly visible from his very palace, two great rocks at the mouth of the Bosphorus, one on either side, which were supposed to clash together with great rapidity and violence, thus making it very dangerous if not impossible for ships to enter or leave the strait.

Phineus told the Argonauts to let loose a dove which would fly between them; if it was caught, they were to give up their journey, but if it got through safely, they were to wait till the rocks opened once more and then row their hardest. The Symplegades just shaved off the tailfeathers of the dove and slightly damaged the stern-works of the Argo. The Symplegades, the Clashing Rocks, were also called Cyanean, the Blue Rocks, or in Turkish Öreke Taşı, the Distaff Rock or Midwife’s Stool.

The European one is a striking feature at the very mouth of the Bosphorus, formerly some 100 metres offshore at Rumeli Feneri, the Rumelian Lighthouse. There is a tiny village here and the remains of a fort built in 1769 by a Greek engineer. The Rock, which is now joined to the shore by a concrete mole, is about 20 metres high and something less than 200 metres long, divided by deep fissures into several parts. On the highest plateau stands what is left of the socalled Pillar of Pompey. “The ascent to this peak,” says Gyllius, “is not open except by one approach, and this, extremely narrow, so that one must climb up on all fours.”

Nowadays there are two approaches, one slightly easier than the other, but both disagreeable enough for one who is terrified of heights. The reward of intrepidity is a fine view of the Black Sea and the Bosphorus, and the base of Pompey’s column. It is not really a column base but an ancient altar, decorated with a garlanded ram’s head and other reliefs now much worn; it once had a Latin inscription, no longer legible, the transcription and interpretation of which are matters of discussion.

Certainly neither altar nor column had anything to do with Pompey, and we do not know who first gave it this misleading name: it was after Gyllius’ time evidently, since he does not mention it. He thought the altar was probably a remnant of the shrine to Apollo which Dionysius of Byzantium says the Romans erected on one of the Cyanean Rocks. The column itself, with its Corinthian capital, toppled down in April 1680 and had utterly disappeared by 1800. There is now a simple fish restaurant on the Rock, with its tables set out on the breakwater at the very end of the Bosphorus.

the Karipçe and Poyraz forts were not left the way Baron de Tott had built them and were redesigned with the contributions of Toussaint in 1778, Lafitte-Clavé in 1785 and General Sébastiani (who later became the French ambassador) in 1807. The fort of Karipçe as we see it today presents itself as sort of demi-lune, which form was largely determined by the shape of the rocky plateau on which it was built. Its guns fired in three different directions. On group aimed north in the direction of the Black Sea.

Here an attack at close range was difficult because of reefs out in the sea in front of the work. Seven guns fired directly south and effectively covered the small cove where the village is situated, one of the few places where as small force could venture a landing with the help of small boats. The main function of the fort, however, was to close the Strait in collaboration with its twin on the Asian side, the Fort of Poyraz. For this purpose an impressive battery was built on the extreme southern end of the promontory, able to fire from three levels. There is an open upper platform with guns firing through massive battlements.

The middle level is an imposing heavily-vaulted casemate with guns firing through large embrasures. Due to the terrain this casemate is divided in three sections, each firing in a slightly different direction. At a much lower level is the third battery, where the guns could also fire in three different directions. At present it is not yet entirely clear which part of the fort was built after Baron de Tott’s plans and which was added later. The first impression is that the great casemate is of de Tott’s time and that the lower platform was added later.

It also appears that the open upper platform was added later, or at least modified from an embankment for rifle fire into a battery for guns. The bricks used for its battlements are rather different from those used in the casemate.

The latter are the typically thin tile-like bricks of the 18th century, those on the upper platform are much thicker and of different structure. In the casemate a change was made during the Cold War period, when a single large opening was made in reinforced concrete, allowing one very large and modern gun to fire from it, aiming directly at the entrance to the Bosphorus from the Black sea.

LOCATION SATELLITE MAP



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RUMELİ FENERİ GENOESE CASTLE

Rumelifeneri, Sarıyer - İstanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°14'15.0"N 29°06'39.0"E / 41.237500, 29.110833

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In the North end of Istanbul, near a village near the Bosporus’s Black Sea end named “Rumeli Feneri”, there’s a Medieval Genoese castle. Rumeli Feneri literally means “Greek land Lighthouse” in Turkish language. The village is named after a historical lighthouse still in use which is located on the European side of Bosphorus’ Black Sea entrance in Istanbul. Rumeli (or Rumelia) is the former name for the Turkish lands in Europe.

The lighthouse was built by the French in order to provide safe navigation for the French and British war ships entering the Istanbul Strait from Black Sea during the Crimean War (1853-1856). The lighthouse is situated on a hillside 58 m (190 ft) high above the sea level and the entirely white painted tower has a height of 30 m (98 ft). It is the tallest lighthouse in Turkey. The tower has the form of a two-staged octagonal prism. Initially, it was lit by kerosene that was later replaced by Dalén light using carbide (acetylene gas).

Today, the light source is electricity, however, a butane gas lighting system is also installed for backup purposes. The Fresnel lens with 500 mm (1.6 ft) focal length allows the white light that group flashes every 12 seconds, a range of 18 nmi (33 km).

 It was captured by Ottomans in 1305, according to the registries, it was under the control of Genoa in 1348. Yıldırım Beyazıt, who captured the castle in 1391, conducted some of his preparations of for the siege of İstanbul from the castle.

In 1576, the castle, the bath, and the mosque inside the castle were renovated. The castle’s existence, was for the first time, mentioned circa 1404 by R.G. Clavijo, who was appointed as ambassador to Samarkand from Spain, The east west length of castle, which was built of stone and brick, is 500 m, and its width ranges between 60 and 120 m.

We stumbled across the castle / fortress by chance, when we spotted it from the sea walls on another bluff, and decided to ride over. Its age seemed indeterminate; it had these old, worn-down looking walls which suggested something like 1770.

The Rumeli Feneri castle is built by the Genoese, but during the Ottoman period, the original medieval fortification was totally redesigned to place many cannon there. Because for many centuries the Black Sea was an Ottoman lake, the change must have occurred in the late 18th century or even later.

Genoese-built Rumeli Feneri castle, approached by a dirt road. The place where it stands is quite large, but much of what can be seen is simply remains of what was once a large castle that was used to protect İstanbul. While here, look out from the castle’s doors out to sea and listen to the sound of the waves hitting the rocks. Sometimes you may even see dolphins playing in the water here.

This tower stands at the northernmost point of the European side of İstanbul and was built with stone and brick during the 17th century under the reign of Sultan Murat IV. At one time, this fortification sheltered 300 soldiers, 60 homes, a fortress, 100 cannons and a mosque. It was used as a police outpost during the early republican years.

Rumeli Feneri castle placed in Europe in the opposite shore of the Yoros castle near the entrance of the black sea. The Yoros Castle is on the top of a green hill that now as long time ago, is occupied by soldiers of the Turkish army. Part of the hill where rise the castle is now an inaccessible military zone. On this subject, we should open a parenthesis for all those who are unfamiliar with Istanbul. Here, inside the city, the only large forests that have withstand to the speculation are those occupied by the army.

This is on the one hand the salvation of places like this hill that would otherwise have been invaded by new construction on the other it is a real pity for all the inhabitants of Istanbul who cannot enjoy these areas and on sunny days are crowded in the public parks and along the shore of the Bosphorus to eat and stay together.

We know that the area of the castle was occupied before the Byzantine time by the Phoenicians and the Greek for trading and military purpose, but the exact date of the foundation is still the date of the castle is still subject of studies. The Greeks called this area Hieron (Sacred Place) and built here the temple honoring Zeus and a temple of Altar of Twelve Gods  where probably the priests held the ritual practices and sacrifices in favor of the gods. Yoros Castle was intermittently occupied throughout the course of the Byzantine Empire.

Within the military museum in Istanbul is still possible to see a part of this chain to be aware of its weight and its enormous size. The castle was the apple of discord between the Byzantines, Genoese, and Ottomans. For several years there was an endless dispute. In 1305 it was conquered by Ottoman forces, then recaptured by the Byzantines. Then, Ottoman retained control of the castle from 1391 until 1414 when they lost it to the Genoese who had built a great trade route on the Black Sea.

The Genoese retained control of the castle for the next forty years, this is the reason why Yoros castle is also called the Genoese castle. Finally, Mehmed the Conqueror took control of Constantinople in 1453, he drove the Genoese out.  He then fortified the walls, and constructed a customs office, quarantine, and check point, as well as placing a garrison of troops there. The castle is now in ruins and it has not suffered heavy restorations as in the case of Yedikule castle.

The last forts at the location where the Bosphorus joins the Black Sea are the Rumelifeneri and the Anadolufeneri Forts the construction of which lasted until 1769. They were first designed by an architect said to be of Anatolian Greek origin and later redesigned by Toussaint in 1783, Lafitte-Clavé in 1785 and finally by Monnier in 1794. However, as they were not found to meet the requirements, batteries were added around them. It is said that one of these batteries was at Fener Burnu and the other at Papaz Burnu.

The Rumelifeneri village is situated on the European side of the Bosphorus, at the point where the straits meet the Black Sea. Located at the entrance to the Black Sea, it is the last settlement of the Bosphorus and takes its name from the lighthouse here. There is very little information on the establishment of the village and its history. The information found in sources concentrate mainly on Rumeli Feneri and the antique column called Öreke Taşı.

In front of the lighthouse there are a few rocks formerly referred to as ‘Simplikades’ and ‘Geant’ and by some writers as ‘Bavonere’. The highest of these rocks, which have been the subject of many legends, has a column piece on it and is therefore referred to as ‘Öreke Taşı’. This column has a partially-effaced inscription in Latin and although it is usually attributed to Pompeus, some writers attribute it to Augustus and more often to Emperor Hadrianus.

At present, in addition to Öreke Taşı and the lighthouse there is a mosque dating to the 19th century in Rumelifeneri village. The mosque is a building with ragstone walls, wooden floors and a hipped roof. The window frames are of brick. Although the Rumelifeneri village is generally known to have been a Greek village, the mosque visible on engravings dated 1817 (Pertusier) and 1854 (Laurens) is a sign that the village had a large Muslim population. Near the mosque there is a small public bath in ruin which is thought to date from the Ottoman period. In addition to a few traditional wooden houses, the village has three historical fountains.

The first is at the centre of the village. Its inscription in Ottoman states the name of Ahmed Ağa. The second fountain is on the way leading from the village centre to the sea and the third on the road from the village to the fort. The inscriptions on the second and third are the same and say that the fountains were commissioned by Gazi Hasan Pasha in 1776-7. This was Cezayirli Hasan Pasha who lived from 1714 to 1790, the famous admiral of the Ottoman fleet, a highly capable man and a real daredevil.

As a matter of  fact, in a document dated 1772 Gazi Hasan Pasha is mentioned as the Minister of War of the Bosphorus Forts and Imperial Captain and also that he was assigned to restore some damaged batteries in the Bosphorus and to replace some of the missing cannons.20 This information leads us to think that Hasan Pasha was also in charge of the Rumelifeneri Fort and that he most probably had water piped from the Bahçeköy dam to the fort and hence had the fountains in the village. Rumelifeneri Fort.

As mentioned above, one of the last forts on the European side, at the location where the Bosphorus opens into the Black Sea, is the Rumelifeneri Fort. It is located north of the village by the same name. It was first built in 1769 by an Ottoman Greek architect whose name is unknown and later restored by Toussaint in 1783, de Lafitte-Clavé in 1785 and finally by Monnier in 1794. No information related to the initial period when the fort was built was found in the research conducted in the Ottoman Archives.

The earliest archive document found is dated 1781 and has information on the winter quarters of the Rumeli and Anadolu forts. This document is an imperial consent to the effect that a total of 10,000 piaster - 5000 piaster to each of the building masters - be paid for the construction of the winter quarters. The second important document referring the fort is one dated 1793 regarding the restoration of the nine forts in the Bosphorus area. We believe that the Rumelifeneri Fort is among these nine. It is also very likely that the restoration work referred to in this document was conducted by Monnier in 1794.

The fort is a stone building measuring approximately 55 m by 70 m situated at the northern tip of a peninsula. It has a rectangular plan with two bevelled corners at the northern facade and is built of volcanic tuff stone except for the brick used in the arch and dome structure. The main wall surrounds a terraced courtyard which has two levels. The eastern and western walls are both topped by an octagonal tower. In the southern section of the courtyard there is a cistern below the courtyard level.

Two hipped-roof buildings are visible on the southern section of the fort’s courtyard in an engraving dated 1817. These buildings have also been indicated on a map dated 1838 in the Topkapı Palace Archives. At present, there is no sign of these buildings on the surface, although excavation might uncover their foundations. The main entrance of the fort is at the south and the sally-port is on the east main wall. The 3.38 m wide main gate is at the centre of the 46m long south facade.

The stairs located within the walls and on either side of the entrance gate provide access to the rampart walk. Although the wall thickness on this side is generally 2.2 m, the part of the wall on either side of the gate is 3.35 m to allow for the stairs. The widest part of the first tower, which we have called Tower A (located on the east side) is 13.78 m. Its exterior side length varies between 5.4 m and 5.9 m. There is a space with an octagonal plan, a height of 5.65 m and covered by a brick dome of 8.97 m in diameter on the lower floor of the tower.

The stairs located within the wall thickness first lead to the rampart walk level and then to the second floor of the tower. The floor of this level which is thought to have been of wood no longer exists. Looking down, one can see the dome of the lower floor. On the top floor, the interior width of the tower is 9.28 m, the wall thickness 2.25 m, the battlement thickness 1.85 m. The B tower on the west is larger than the A tower. Although it was not possible to measure its diameter, the side lengths of the octagon vary between 6.30 m and 6.45 m.

It has been observed that the B tower underwent some changes in the Republic period and that the concrete flooring added has spoiled the original interior arrangement. However, although damaged, the A tower retains its original arrangement. The wall thickness of the north side of the Rumelifeneri Fort is 2.65 m. The height of the walls varies between 5.8 m and 8.5 m depending on the slope of the land. The battlements on the rampart walk level are 0.95 m thick and 0.62 m high. The top parts of the battlements have collapsed. The firing holes below the walls in this section are 1.8m high on the exterior and 2.3m high on the interior side. The said openings are covered by one and a half brick thick arches.

The Council of Ministers has given permission for excavations in 2010 and since then an expert excavation team, Professor Asnu Bilban Yalçın, Byzantium art history expert, is heading, in collaboration with the Culture and Tourism Ministry and Istanbul University has been working on it. During excavations this year some 80 artifacts have been unearthed and this gave a great excitement to people who are interested in archeology.

Because of the excavations, the castle is now closed to visitors although usually the area is not supervised and visitors are free to walk, crossing a fence torn down, along the outer walls of the castle walking along a dangerous path. The climb in my opinion worth it for the fantastic scenery, although we all hope that the castle will soon reopen its doors to the public.

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Friday, January 13, 2017

TÜRKMENBAŞI NATURE PARK

Çayırbaşı, Sarıyer - İstanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°08'26.0"N 29°01'39.0"E / 41.140556, 29.027500

Türkmenbaşı Nature Park (Turkish: Türkmenbaşı Tabiat Parkı) is a nature park located in Sarıyer district of Istanbul Province. Situated west of Hacı Osman Bayırı Avenue in Çayırbaşı neighborhood of Sarıyer, it covers an area of 5.6 ha (14 acres).

It was established in 1998 as a place, to dignify the cultural values shared by Turkey and Turkmenistan. It was named "Turkmenbashi" (literally: Head of Turkmens), in honor of Saparmurat Niyazov (1940–2006) , the leader of Turkmenistan.

There are car park, fountains, picnic areas, wc are available. The nature park offers outdoor recreation activities such as hiking and picnicing for visitors on daily basis. There is a playground for children.

Flora
Common plant of the nature park is pine. Other notable trees are oak (Quercus petraea), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), oriental plane (Platanus orientalis), Norway spruce (Picea abies), Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), honeyberry, (Celtis australis), medlar (Mespilus germanica), shinglewood (Thuja plicata) and the shrubs lavender (Lavandula spica), barberry (Berberis vulgaris), glossy abelia (Abelia × grandiflora), pittosporum (Pittosporum tobira), cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis), Chinese photinia (Photinia serratifolia), strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo), Japanese aucuba (Aucuba japonica), fountainplant (Ophiopogon japonicus).

Fauna
The main fauna of the nature park consists pf bird species. Observed bird species are finch, magpie, sparrow, Western jackdaw, woodpecker. Other species are lizard and chipmunk.

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Tuesday, January 10, 2017

FALİH RIFKI ATAY NATURE PARK

Bahçeköy, Sarıyer - İstanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°11'33.0"N 28°57'39.0"E / 41.192500, 28.960833

Falih Rifki Atay Nature Park / Sariyer - Istanbul photo fratay_naturepark133.jpg

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Falih Rıfkı Atay Nature Park (Turkish: Falih Rıfkı Atay Tabiat Parkı) is a nature park located in Sarıyer district of Istanbul Province.

Situated 7 km (4.3 mi) northwest of Bahçeköy neighborhood of Sarıyer and next to the Neşet Suyu Nature Park, it covers an area of 16.33 ha (40.4 acres). It was established in 2011, and is one of the nine nature parks inside the Belgrad Forest. The protected area is named in honor of journalist, writer and politician Falih Rıfkı Atay (1894–1971).

Serbs who were taken prisoners of war at the Siege of Belgrade (1521) by Ottoman Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent (reigned 1520–1566), were brought to Istanbul and settled in a village, which used to lie within the park boundaries. The nature park contains the ruins of a church, which is a protected historic building and was registered as cultural heritage in November 1999.

The nature park offers outdoor recreational activities such as hiking, cycling and picnicing for visitors on daily basis. There are playgrounds for children. Admission is charged for visitors and vehicles and an open-air restaurant serves the visitors. There are car park, fountains, buffet breakfast and dinner, picnic areas, wc, historic buildings are available.

Flora
The park is the habitat for diverse species of plant. The main trees present are oak (Quercus robur) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus). Other deciduous trees include sessile oak (Quercus petraea), kasnak oak (Quercus vulcanica) and shrubs are blackberry (Rubus plicatus), butcher's-broom (Ruscus aculeatus), tree heath (Erica arborea) and bay laurel (Laurus nobilis). Some uncommon trees include silver linden (Tilia argentea) and oriental beech (Fagus orientalis). Anatolian catbrier (Smilax excelsa), aubretia (Aubrieata cultorum), wild strawberry (Fragaria) and cathip (Nepeta cataria) are some of the flowering plants found in the nature park.

Fauna
Mainly observed fauna of the nature park are porcupines, squirrels, turtles, magpies, crows, woodpeckers, sparrows and finches.

Across the nature park, there is Bahçeköy Deer Farm (Turkish: Geyik Üretme İstasyonu).

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BENTLER NATURE PARK

Belgrad Forest, Sarıyer - İstanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°11'22.1"N 28°59'13.0"E / 41.189472, 28.986944

Bentler Nature Park / Sariyer - Istanbul photo bentler_naturepark160.jpg

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Bentler Nature Park (Turkish: Bentler Tabiat Parkı) is a nature park located in Sarıyer district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Bentler means "dams" in Turkish language. Situated 1 km (0.62 mi) from Bahçeköy neighborhood of Sarıyer, it covers an area of 16.3 ha (40 acres). It was established in 2011, and is one of the nine nature parks inside the Belgrad Forest. There are fountain, wc, buffet, picnic areas, activity area, autopark facilities.

The protected area is named after the historic dams, the Topuzlu Dam (Topuzlu Bendi, built 1750), Valide Dam (Valide Bendi, built 1796) and New Dam (Yeni Bent or II. Mahmud Bendi, built 1839), which are located north of the park area. There are other structures as the Iskara Bendi and historical fountains from the Ottoman Empire era. Bentler Nature Park has two entrances, the main entrance of Belgrad Forest and Kurtkemeri Gate.

The nature park offers outdoor recreation activities such as hiking, cycling and picnicing, autopark, fountains, buffets, WC, historic buildings for visitors on daily basis. There is playgrounds for children. Admission is charged for visitors and vehicles.

Flora
Main tree species are oak (Quercus petraea) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus). A 270-year old (2016) plane tree (Platanus) next to the Valide Dam was registered as a monument.

The park is habitat for diverse plant species. As coniferous tree Turkish pine (Pinus brutia), as deciduous trees oriental plane (Platanus orientalis), silver linden (Tilia argentea), European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), kasnak oak (Quercus vulcanica), Turkey oak (Quercus cerris), Aleppo oak (Quercus infectoria), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), alder (Alnus orientalis), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), medlar (Mespilus germanica), Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna) are found in the park. Shrubs of the nature park are blackberry (Rubus plicatus), butcher's-broom (Ruscus aculeatus) and buttercup (Clematis).

Fauna
The main fauna of the nature park consists of the mammals wild boar (Sus scrofa), fox (Vulpes vulpes), deer (Cervidae), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), hare (Lepus), chipmunk, the reptile turtle. Observed bird species are hawk, sparrow, finch, magpie.

VALİDE DAM
GPS : 41°11'28.3"N 28°59'16.7"E / 41.191203, 28.987967

Valide Dam (Turkish: Valide Bendi) is a historic dam located in Sarıyer district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. The dam is situated north of Bahçeköy, Sarıyer inside the Bentler Nature Park, which is part of the Belgrad Forest.

Valide Dam was built in 1796 by Ottoman Sultan Selim III (reigned 1789–1807) to provide water for the donations in Eyüp of his mother Mihrişah Sultan (c. 1745–1805), who was titled Valide sultan during his reign.

Valide Dam impounds Ayazağa Creek, a tributary of Acıelma Creek, and has a catchment area of 1.825 km2 (0.705 sq mi). It is a solid gravity dam constructed in masonry with its crest and the waterside wall covered by marble. Two buttresses in 6.30 m (20.7 ft) distance at toe are attached to the downstream wall to reinforce the structure.

The dam is 11.25 m (36.9 ft) high from the thalweg and 103.90 m (340.9 ft) long at crest. The crest is 4.72 m (15.5 ft) and the base is 6.30 m (20.7 ft) wide. The dam has a reservoir capacity of 255,000 m3 (9,000,000 cu ft).

YENİ BEND
GPS : 41°11'23.0"N 28°59'09.6"E / 41.189710, 28.985987

The New Dam (Turkish: Yeni Bent), aka Sultan Mahmud II Dam (Turkish: II. Mahmut Bendi), is a historic dam located in Sarıyer district of Istanbul Province. The dam is situated next to Valide Dam north of Bahçeköy, Sarıyer inside the Bentler Nature Park, which is part of the Belgrad Forest. The New Dam was built in 1830 by Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II (reigned 1808–1839).

The New Dam impounds a tributary of Acıelma Creek and has a catchment area of 0.83 km2 (0.32 sq mi). It is a solid gravity dam constructed in masonry having a circular form. The dam is 15.62 m (51.2 ft) high from the thalweg and 101.55 m (333.2 ft) long at crest. The crest is 6.90 m (22.6 ft) and the base is 9.40 m (30.8 ft) wide. The dam has a reservoir capacity of 217,500 m3 (7,680,000 cu ft).

TOPUZLU DAM
GPS : 41°10'58.9"N 28°59'35.8"E / 41.183038, 28.993269

Topuzlu Dam (Turkish: Topuzlu Bent) is a historic dam located in Sarıyer district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. The dam is situated just north of Bahçeköy, Sarıyer inside the Bentler Nature Park, which is part of the Belgrad Forest.

Topuzlu Dam was built in 1750 by Ottoman Sultan Mahmud I (reigned 1730–1754). In 1786, its crest was raised about 3.40 m (11.2 ft) higher by Sultan Abdul Hamid I (reigned 1774–1789). The dam is named "Topuzlu" meaning "bulged" due to a bulge-formed central part of the upstream wall side.

Topuzlu Dam impounds Eskibağlar Creek and has a catchment area of 0.92 km2 (0.36 sq mi). It is a solid gravity dam constructed in masonry. The dam is 14.00 m (45.93 ft) high from the thalweg and 80.65 m (264.6 ft) long at crest. The crest is 4.30 m (14.1 ft) and the base is 7.00 m (22.97 ft) wide. The dam has a reservoir capacity of 160,000 m3 (5,700,000 cu ft).

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NEŞET SUYU NATURE PARK

Bahçeköy, Sarıyer - İstanbul - Turkey

GPS : 41°11'14.8"N 28°58'05.7"E / 41.187437, 28.968247

Neset Suyu Nature Park / Bahcekoy - Sariyer photo nesetsuyu_naturepark105.jpg

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Neşet Suyu Nature Park, aka Neşetsuyu Nature Park, (Turkish: Neşet Suyu Tabiat Parkı or Neşetsuyu Tabiat Parkı) is a nature park located in Sarıyer district of Istanbul Province, Turkey.

Situated 6 km (3.7 mi) northwest of Bahçeköy neighborhood of Sarıyer and next to the Falih Rıfkı Atay Nature Park, it covers an area of 67.47 ha (166.7 acres). It was established in 2011, and is one of the nine nature parks inside the Belgrad Forest. The protected area is named in honor of Professor (Ottoman Turkish: Müderris‎) Neşet Bey (1881–1924).

Neşet Bey was born in Resen, Ottoman Empire, today in the Republic of Macedonia, in 1881. He taught at the (Ottoman Turkish: Orman Mekteb-i alisi‎), today Forestry Faculty of Istanbul University, and served as its rector. He was much respected for his works in forestry by his colleagues and students. A memorial marble inscription erected by the Turkish Directorate General of Forestry on September 21, 1953 is situated inside the nature park.

In 2000, the soil in the park area, which is one of the most popular recreation places in Istanbul, was loosened up by earth movers since the soil became hardened throughout the years like concrete endangering the trees. It was found that the growth of the tree roots stopped, bacteria and fungi population increased due to lack of oxygen in the soil. Fallen leaves could not merge with the hardened soil to make it nutrient for the vegetation.

There are car park, activity areas, fountains, buffet breakfast and dinner, picnic areas, wc, historic buildings are available.

Flora
Dominant tree species of the nature park are oak and European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus). Other vegetat,on in the area are various shrubs and bushes.

Fauna
There are mammals and bird species in significant numbers in the Belgrad Forest. The main fauna species of the forestry are wild boar, golden jackal, deer, roe, fox, wolf, weasel, hare, squirrel, tortoise and hedgehog. As bird species observed are falcon, hawk, magpie, crow, woodpecker, sparrow, finch and goldfinch.

BÜYÜK BEND

In the southwest of the nature park, the Büyük Bent (liaterally: Big Dam) is situated on the Kırkçeşme water canal. Remains of a cistern and the mihrab of an open-air prayer place (Turkish: namazgah) are registered protected cultural heritage in the park area.

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